From dihalogen derivative (Vicinal dihalides) From alkynes: Pd-C, H 2 (Lindlar’s catalyst) gives Cis alkene while Na/liquid Ammonia (Birch reduction) gives Trans alkene. 8.1 Alkene and Alkyne Overview. ... Hydrocarbons having at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkyne. Hydrocarbons In the study of organic chemistry, the organic compounds which are made up of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Here are some basic rules for naming alkenes from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC): The longest chain of carbon atoms containing the double bond is considered the parent chain. 2.3 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes ⇒ Additions are the most common reactions using alkenes and alkynes Addition to: Alkene Alkyne Four major additions: 1) Addition of hydrogen halides 2) Halogenation : Reaction in which halogen is introduced into a molecule 3) Hydration : Reaction in which the elements of water (H and OH) are 5 Looking Closer: Environmental Note 6 . Halogenation of Alkanes. The simplest alkene which has one double bond in its structure is ethene, C 2 H 4. Alkenes form a homologous series, hence, the general formula of an alkene is stated as C n H 2n. Thus the compound CH 2 =CHCH 3 is propene. 8.4 Aromatic Compounds: Benzene. In the case of alkenes and alkynes, hydrocarbon chain with the double and triple bond is chosen as parent chain. It is named using the same stem as the alkane having the same number of carbon atoms but ends in -ene to identify it as an alkene. Saytzeff rule: In case of dehydrohalogenation, that alkene is the preferred product which has more no. 4. Alkanes, Alkenes vs Alkynes. The two reactions of more importaces is combustion and halogenation, (i.e., substitution of a single hydrogen on the alkane for a single halogen) to form a haloalkane. of alkyl groups attached to the double bonded carbon atom. Alkenes have important industrial uses, and also play an important role in our everyday lives. Opening Essay. Rules underlying IUPAC nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are discussed below: The longest hydrocarbon chain is selected and is termed as parent chain in case of alkanes. Many of these molecules are used in the production of other materials, such as plastics, but their main use is as a fuel source. The compounds n-butane and 2-methylpropane are structural isomers (the term constitutional isomers is also commonly used). 8.2 Properties of Alkenes. For example, two alkanes have the formula C 4 H 10: They are called n-butane and 2-methylpropane (or isobutane), and have the following Lewis structures:. Experiment: Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkenes* Purpose: To investigate the physical properties, solubility, and density of some hydrocarbon. Class 10 > Class 10 Lessons > Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne. 2 . Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are all hydrocarbons with different structures and thus different physical and chemical properties. An organic molecule is one in which there is at least one atom of carbon, while a hydrocarbon is a molecule which only contain the atoms hydrogen and carbon. Larger alkanes and chlorine; Cycloalkanes; Contributors and Attributions; Alkanes (the most basic of all organic compounds) undergo very few reactions. This text is published under creative commons licensing, for referencing and adaptation, please click . Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are all organic hydrocarbons. These three types of alkanes are termed as straight-chain alkanes, branched-chain alkanes, and cycloalkanes. Just like other organic compounds, carbon atoms in alkanes will also form straight chains, branched chains, or rings. 10 . (Alkane – ane + yne = Alkyne). 8.3 Alkynes. (Image to be added soon) There are various methods to prepare an alkene. here. Chapter 8 - Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatic Compounds . To use physical and chemical properties to identify an unknown. Similarly; Ethane – ane + yne = Ethyne Propane – ane + yne = Propyne Butane – … Hydrocarbons with the same formula, including alkanes, can have different structures. To compare the chemical reactivity of an alkane, an alkene, and an aromatic compound. 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